Valero Energy Corporation (VLO)

The company’s refining system is one of the largest in North America, with 15 refineries and total throughput capacity of about 3.2 million barrels per day. Its geographic footprint gives it access to key crude supply basins, export channels, and large end markets, particularly along the US Gulf Coast and in other strategic refining regions. Valero’s earnings are closely linked to refining margins, crude price differentials, product demand, operating reliability, and regulatory fuel standards.

Valero also has a meaningful presence in lower-carbon fuels. It owns 12 ethanol plants with annual production capacity of roughly 1.6 billion gallons, making it a significant participant in the US biofuels market. In renewable diesel, Valero owns half of Diamond Green Diesel, a joint venture capable of producing about 1.2 billion gallons per year. This business converts renewable feedstocks into diesel that can be used in existing engines and fuel infrastructure.

For investors, Valero represents exposure to the economics of refining, fuel distribution, renewable diesel, and ethanol. Its scale, logistics network, and diversified fuel portfolio are central to its position in the global downstream energy market.